4.1 The intersection of Media and new environment
Urban communities and rural districts are related each others in many ways with interventions of media and technology. Urban communities can communicate with distanced region. Communications using visual and auditive factors provided same virtual environment with physical communication environment. Physical environment of urban communities are effecting the natural environment. With the interventions of media, the environments of urban and rural are piled one upon another, and it brings the birth of brand new environment. Physical environment of rural districts has new meaning by interventions of media, and many changes are happening now. Also with nature elements and scientific theories used for representing on cities, new urban environments can be proposed. Cities are recognized as a organic life form, and we can provide new way of urban spaces by representing organic form of natural environments onto them. It's a new way of design methodology with use of organic form.
Sunghyun Cho, "Ink Monster", 2009
"Ink Monster" is a life form created with ink. Ink spreaded itself beginning from the core of facial part. I created a new life by putting together these spreading images of ink on a screen. The organic form of ink created the shape of "Monster". Ink Monster is a new way of character design that can not be drawn by hand and pen, but we can make motions and flows by using media. These images created by organic form can show us the organic shapes of natural environment in the city, and will eventually provide us new way of design and urban environment by media.
Organic shapes and Fluid
Through Media, Organic Fluid can show us a flow of the organic form. It is too obvious that ink spreads itself in water. But expecting the change of form is differ from seeing it. We can understand how ink swims in water by seeing the progress of its changing form. Media materializes and visualizes the phenomenon of nature. We can see and feel the new organic form by arranging the informations of organic form itself. Also through the web, one can download these data and experience the new images. And in this case, no preparations for actual physical experiment are necessary.
Sunghyun Cho, 2009, Organic Fluid
Sunghyun Cho, "Swimming, a moment", 2009
"Swimming, a moment" is a photo I took at the very moment that ink dropped into water. It's too fast for our eyes to see free falling objects or shape of changing forms. This picture of ink shows the progress of spreaded ink and every stage of spreading organic shapes. A stage of spreaded ink is a step for another spreading.
Organic morphology
The big difference between city and nature is the organic shapes. While the image of nature is organic, the image of city is a straight line. But we already know that the city does have organic shapes and is a part of the nature. We also know that with the use of media, urban districts can be changed to organic shapes.
When one area is industrialized, it becomes less organic shaped. For the efficient use of spaces, square form becomes standard shape of urban districts and this lead to separation between the shape of city and natural organic shapes.
Development of optical science enabled us to see microorganisms, and allowed us to research the mystery of nature. Scientists invented mathematical algorithm out of nature and it's being used through many fields.
Sunghyun Cho, "fluid test 2", 2009
"Fluid Test" is images that has been taken the moment of ink dropped into water using macro lens. We can see the depth of ink, and also notice the fact that the flow and motion of ink in water is almost same with the flow of air.
We can find out with the advance of optical techniques and media that cities are part of nature. If we look at the urban districts from sky crafts height, we can easily imagine the organic form of natural creature. We should pay attention to the fact that a city was not built upon mathematical algorithm but it still has the organic shape of nature. In these days, mathematical algorithm of nature is being used when planning a city.
Sunghyin, "organic urban environment ", 2009
Not just to plan a city, we can also use this mathematical algorithm to change the urban environment into organic shapes. Advance of media and technology will bring the change of urban environment to organic shapes based upon mathematical algorithm.
- Empathy, Environment, Morphology and Media
Urban and natural environments are connected by media. Natural phenomenons based on scientific theories are reinterpreted and provide us natural environments as media for new experience. Media also proves facts that a city is a part of nature and urban environments can be changed into organic form due to natural algorithm. Cities are connected with another environments constantly by media as our natural environments, and we communicate using these connections.
4.2 Artists and Research
- Shake Pole, 2006, richard box
http://www.richardbox.com/
Richardbox, "Shake Pole", 2006
Richardbox's motivation for this was from his friend. He came up with this idea when he heard that his friend used to play with fluorescent light in his house which is placed under the high-voltage cable. He and scientists gathered together and planned for this project. Richardbox collected 1,031 fluorescent lights and placed them under high-voltage cables to gain power.
Normally, powerplants are built away from residental districts. And to minimize the loss of electricity, they release high voltage power. Since huge quantities of electric charges is flowing under the voltage cables, fluorescent lights can be lightened when one of their electrodes are connected on the ground. The more people use electricity, brighter fluorescent lights get. Fluorescent lights which are lightened by electric field fit well to the undeveloped territory with high voltage.
A fluorescent tube glows when an electrical voltage is set up across it. The electric field set up inside the tube excites atoms of mercury gas, making them emit ultraviolet light. This invisible light strikes the phosphor coating on the glass tube, making it glow. Because powerlines are typically 400,000 volts, and Earth is at an electrical potential voltage of zero volts, pylons create electric fields between the cables they carry and the ground.(http://www.richardbox.com/)
Ohm`s law
Ohm`s law is related to electricity. In electrical circuits, Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference or voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. The mathematical equation that describes this relationship is "I = V / R ". where V is the potential difference measured across the resistance in units of volts; I is the current through the resistance in units of amperes and R is the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms. More specifically, Ohm's law states that the R in this relation is constant, independent of the current.(wiki)
It is harmonized with tubes and environment which is high-tension wires. a bunch of tubes use discard the current from wires. Nothing needs any electricity. People do not want to live near high-tension wires. Normaly people think the spaces are abandoned land. The space look lonely. Tubes lights are flower of light. They are creature under the wires. It makes full of vitality space.
Human life cycles are faster then nature. We can not figure out changing of nature. It looks like time stopped. The tubes make dynamic space. The tube which is one of the media is changing easily.
The tubes and the environment makes contrast and harmony. There two things are different each other. Tubes shapes are straight but environment elements are organic. The lights follow vertical but ground and sky makes horizontal. The artificial feeling and natural feeling makes dynamic atmosphere. This works offer us new experimental feeling.
- Olafur Eliasson,2009, Complementary colour chart
Photo by Byunghoon Lee
Appreciate contemporary colour chart inside work. By the mist, audiences recognize the light of space as colour. As they walk inside the mist, they can experience the change of colour. They don't "see" the colours but "feel" them. Red and green fluorescent lights are attached to the both side of space. Fog generators fill inside the room, curtains block the mist going outside.
Audiences can see nothing but colours inside the mist-filled space. Shapes of another people can be shown just as silhouettes. Colours in this space gradually change into another as audiences walk through. It's a completely different experience with seeing a painted paper with our eyes. Olafur Eliasson brought colours inside space and shows us how they relates with people.
This space enables us to feel the artificial natural environment. At the same time, it keeps personal privacies in the city. Audience can appreciate this work without disturbance by another audiences but they still notice that someone else is in the space together with them.
- Scott Snibbe, "Boundary Functions", 1998
http://www.snibbe.com/scott/bf/index.htm
"Boundary Functions" tells us that private properties only exists when a person is related with the others. We live with another human beings trying to settle with them and only by doing so we exist. There will be no boundaries if one lives in a desert island. Theory of voronoi is a good example that shows the relationships between people visually. If one steps on the work, nothing happens. But when more than two people step on the work, it will create lines between them making boundaries. As audiences move, system will calculate the space to decide the middle point and create moving lines. Cameras are located at the same ceiling with projector to track down audience's motions. Computer, which is connected with cameras imports these datas, calculates, and creates lines in between the audiences. Projector displays image from the ceiling towards floor.
The lines devide spaces between audiences are calculated mathematically by Voronoi Diagram. Voronoi Diagram is being used in variety fields. It is displayed in every proportions of natural life forms and it generates itself. In the point of entomology, it includes from the residental environments of insects to their shapes. The shape of a honeycomb, eyes of bees, patterns on the wings of butterfly can be explained with this diagram. Voronoi Diagram can also explain the pattern of leaf cell, the bark of a tree. From the way of cell division to a hair of human, every shapes can be explained with tessellation.
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