This study will figure out how it related to organic form of the nature environment with human, and relationship in form of organic and human body as residing space along the historical facts.Thus, this will develop how the nature's organic form is expressed and processed through the media.Related sample works will be followed up as well.
6.1 nature and digital morphology(synthetic nature)
It is possible to realize organic shapes that nature have using digital technology. Digital organic shapes and nature organic shapes are based on same mathmatical code. The codes are defined by mathmatical form. Mathematicians found codes from nature. L-system, a one of the basic natural code, is a beginning form of generative art. L-system code is very simple but when the codes are repeating, the form is going to be complexed.
Nature forms are configured by pattern. Simple code makes simple shapes. Repeating coding can be pattern. These kind of forms are organic and well matched for human body. Organic shapes are affected by emergent behavior. That`s why nature objects are organic but have not the same shapes.
6.2 L-system
What is L-system?
L-systems were introduced and developed in 1968 by the Hungarian theoretical biologist and botanist from the University of Utrecht, Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989). Also this theory is a mathematical formalism and parallel rewriting system. that`s way L-systems is related to grow plants.
L-systems can also be used to generate self-similar fractals such as iterated function systems.
As a biologist, Lindenmayer worked with yeast and filamentous fungi and studied the growth patterns of various types of algae, such as the blue/green bacteria Anabaena catenula. Originally the L-systems were devised to provide a formal description of the development of such simple multicellular organisms, and to illustrate the neighbourhood relationships between plant cells. Later on, this system was extended to describe higher plants and complex branching structures.(wiki)
L-system structure
The recursive nature of the L-system rules leads to self-similarity and thereby fractal-like forms which are easy to describe with an L-system. Plant models and natural-looking organic forms are similarly easy to define, as by increasing the recursion level the form slowly 'grows' and becomes more complex. Lindenmayer systems are also popular in the generation of artificial life.
G = (V, S, ω, P),
where
V (the alphabet) is a set of symbols containing elements that can be replaced (variables)
S is a set of symbols containing elements that remain fixed (constants)
ω (start, axiom or initiator) is a string of symbols from V defining the initial state of the system
P is a set of production rules or productions defining the way variables can be replaced with combinations of constants and other variables. A production consists of two strings, the predecessor and the successor.
L-system is a part of fractal. I can control changing values of Variables. It could be very complexed but still have a rule.
Sunghyun Cho, "Fractal Plant", 2009
Here is my Values
Fractal Pant
variables : X F
constants : + −
start : X
rules : (X → F-[[X]+X]+F[+FX]-X), (F → FF)
angle : 25°
6.3 emergent behavior and natural organic shapes
I made tree using L-system algorithm in my computer. It could not be the same shapes in a real life. Natural various values modify trees`s shapes. However if I know the values, I can make the same as real life tree shapes.
L-system mechanism is easily explained by fractal`s self-similarity. also it is related in artificial life.
emergent behavior and natural organic shapes
This work is modified by emergent behavior. I visualized using L-system code in processing. The angle and length values are changing by mouse moving. In this work, I am a emergent behavior.
Processing is a code based program. Processing is an open source "programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts and visual design communities" with the purpose of teaching the basics of computer programming in a visual context, and to serve as the foundation for electronic sketchbooks.(wiki)
Some artist had misunderstanding about emergent behavior. Emergent behavior is unexpected occurred in a natural general progress.
They are thinking they are variation of nature. They do not care of any scientific phenomenon. It makes wrong way of focus.
These days, we are interested in natural environment or organic shapes. Development of media allow us to could make organic objects and shapes related on nature. however, if we do not know about any scientific basis. We have to make media artworks based on natural science.
6.4 Voronoi diagram
Dirichlet used 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional Voronoi diagrams in his study of quadratic forms in 1850. Voronoi diagrams are named after Russian mathematician Georgy Fedoseevich Voronoi who defined and studied the general n-dimensional case in 1908. It is using in geography, medical, robot path planning, image processing in several areas. This theory is irregular plane tiling and natural pattern. also, It is researched in biology, human density, computer science, marketing, and determine the cause of the structure ect. (B. Aranda, tooling /Aranda, Lasch, Princeton Architectural Press, 2006, p77)
In mathematics, a Voronoi diagram is a special kind of decomposition of a metric space determined by distances to a specified discrete set of objects in the space, e.g., by a discrete set of points. It is named after Georgy Voronoi, also called a Voronoi tessellation, a Voronoi decomposition, or a Dirichlet tessellation.(wiki)
Voronoi3D
Voronoi tessellation is from 2d plain. also It has long history. In these days people use voronoi3d by computing. They make 3 axis work such as, artecture, design.
The Mathematica command VoronoiDiagram[pts] in the Mathematica package ComputationalGeometry`) returns a data structure corresponding to the Voronoi diagram of a given set of points, and DiagramPlot[pts] gives a graphical illustration of the Voronoi diagram (left figure above). Voronoi diagrams can be even more easily visualized in Mathematica using graphics functions such as ListDensityPlot and ListPlot3D with the option setting InterpolationOrder -> 0 (right two figures).(http://mathworld.wolfram.com/)
Theverymany, 2009(http://www.theverymany.net/)
Theverymany is a media architect. He made 3d structure using voronoi algorythm in rhino.
Voronoi code
VORNOI CODE (from challenge last week at the office + Rassul...)
The Voronoi core has been developped by David Rutten (reconstructivism.net)
Function VoronoiPolygon(index, datSet, BBox)
' this function creates a voronoi cell for agiven point in a set of points
' should probably be optimized so that it only tests points near the samplepoint
VoronoiPolygon = Null
Dim midPt, arrPt, vecDir(1)
Dim ptS(2), ptE(2)
Dim ChordLength, Border
Dim brdLines(), i, N
ReDim brdLines(UBound(datSet)-1)
ChordLength = Rhino.Distance(BBox(0), BBox(2))
arrPt = datSet(index)
N = 0
For i = 0 To UBound(datSet)
If i <> index Then
midPt = Array((datSet(i)(0) + datSet(index)(0))/2, _
(datSet(i)(1) + datSet(index)(1))/2, _
0)
vecDir(0) = -(datSet(i)(1)-datSet(index)(1))
vecDir(1) = datSet(i)(0)-datSet(index)(0)
vecDir(0) = vecDir(0)/Rhino.Distance(datSet(i), datSet(index))*ChordLength
vecDir(1) = vecDir(1)/Rhino.Distance(datSet(i), datSet(index))*ChordLength
ptS(0) = midPt(0)+vecDir(0)
ptS(1) = midPt(1)+vecDir(1)
ptS(2) = 0
ptE(0) = midPt(0)-vecDir(0)
ptE(1) = midPt(1)-vecDir(1)
ptE(2) = 0
brdLines(N) = Rhino.AddLine(ptS, ptE)
N = N+1
End If
Next
Border = Rhino.AddPolyline(Array(Array(BBox(0)(0)-10, BBox(0)(1)-10, 0), _
Array(BBox(1)(0)+10, BBox(1)(1)-10, 0), _
Array(BBox(2)(0)+10, BBox(2)(1)+10, 0), _
Array(BBox(3)(0)-10, BBox(3)(1)+10, 0), _
Array(BBox(0)(0)-10, BBox(0)(1)-10, 0)))
Rhino.UnselectAllObjects
Rhino.SelectObjects brdLines
Rhino.SelectObject Border
Rhino.Command "-_CurveBoolean _DeleteInput=No _CombineRegions=No " & _
Rhino.Pt2Str(Array(datSet(index)(0),datSet(index)(1),datSet(index)(2))) & _
" _Enter", vbFalse
' delete lines
Rhino.UnselectAllObjects
Rhino.SelectObjects brdLines
Rhino.Command "-_Delete"
VoronoiPolygon = vbTrue
End Function
Organic Computing
Sunghyun Cho(2009)
Sunghyun Cho(2009)
Organic computing is a form of biologically-inspired computing with organic properties. It has emerged recently as a challenging vision for future information processing systems. Organic Computing is based on the insight that we will soon be surrounded by large collections of autonomous systems, which are equipped with sensors and actuators, aware of their environment, communicate freely, and organise themselves in order to perform the actions and services that seem to be required.(wiki)
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